1On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling among the Sakyans at Kapilavatthu in the Banyan Tree Park. Now on that occasion the Blessed One had just recently recovered from illness. Then the Sakyan Mahānāma approached the Blessed One, paid homage to him, sat down to one side, and said to him.

"For a long time, Bhante, I have understood the Dhamma taught by the Blessed One thus: ‘Knowledge occurs for one who is concentrated, not for one who lacks concentration.’ Does concentration precede knowledge, Bhante, or does knowledge precede concentration?.

Then it occurred to the Venerable Ānanda: "The Blessed One has just recently recovered from his illness, yet this Mahānāma the Sakyan asks him a very deep question. Let me lead Mahānāma the Sakyan off to one side and teach him the Dhamma."

2Then the Venerable Ānanda took Mahānāma the Sakyan by the arm, led him off to one side, and said to him: "The Blessed One has spoken about the virtuous behavior of a trainee and the virtuous behavior of one beyond training, the concentration of a trainee and the concentration of one beyond training, the wisdom of a trainee and the wisdom of one beyond training.

(1) "And what, Mahānāma, is the virtuous behavior of a trainee? Here, a bhikkhu is virtuous; he dwells restrained by the Pāṭimokkha, possessed of good conduct and resort, seeing danger in minute faults. Having undertaken the training rules, he trains in them. This is called the virtuous behavior of a trainee.

3(2) "And what is the concentration of a trainee? [n.493] Ee is missing the question here. Here, secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states, a bhikkhu enters and dwells in the first jhāna … (as at 3:58) … the fourth jhāna …. This is called the concentration of a trainee.

4(3) "And what is the wisdom of a trainee? Here, a bhikkhu understands as it really is: ‘This is suffering’ … (as in 3:12) … ‘This is the way leading to the cessation of suffering.’ This is called the wisdom of a trainee.

5"When this noble disciple is thus accomplished in virtuous behavior, concentration, and wisdom, with the destruction of the taints, he realizes for himself with direct knowledge, in this very life, the taintless liberation of mind, liberation by wisdom, and having entered upon it, he dwells in it. [n.494] Mp: "Having explained the virtuous behavior, concentration, and wisdom of the trainee (sekha), he explains the virtuous behavior, concentration, and wisdom of one beyond training (asekha) by way of the fruit of arahantship: ‘The fruition knowledge of one beyond training arises later than the concentration and insight knowledge of a trainee. The concentration of the fruit in one beyond training arises later than the trainee's insight knowledge.’"

"It is in this way, Mahānāma, that the Blessed One has spoken about the virtuous behavior of a trainee and the virtuous behavior of one beyond training; about the concentration of a trainee and the concentration of one beyond training; about the wisdom of a trainee and the wisdom of one beyond training."

1Evaṁ me sutaṁ—​ ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṁ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā gilānā vuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:.

"dīgharattāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā evaṁ dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi: ‘samāhitassa ñāṇaṁ, no asamāhitassā’ti. Samādhi nu kho, bhante, pubbe, pacchā ñāṇaṁ; udāhu ñāṇaṁ pubbe, pacchā samādhī"ti.

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi: "Bhagavā kho gilānavuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Ayañca mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṁ atigambhīraṁ pañhaṁ pucchati. Yannūnāhaṁ mahānāmaṁ sakkaṁ ekamantaṁ apanetvā dhammaṁ deseyyan"ti.

2Atha kho āyasmā ānando mahānāmaṁ sakkaṁ bāhāyaṁ gahetvā ekamantaṁ apanetvā mahānāmaṁ sakkaṁ etadavoca: "sekhampi kho, mahānāma, sīlaṁ vuttaṁ bhagavatā, asekhampi sīlaṁ vuttaṁ bhagavatā; sekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā, asekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā; sekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā, asekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā.

Katamañca, mahānāma, sekhaṁ sīlaṁ? Idha, mahānāma, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati … pe … samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Idaṁ vuccati, mahānāma, sekhaṁ sīlaṁ.

3Katamo ca, mahānāma, sekho samādhi? Idha, mahānāma, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi … pe … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṁ vuccati, mahānāma, sekho samādhi.

4Katamā ca, mahānāma, sekhā paññā? Idha, mahānāma, bhikkhu ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti … pe … ‘Ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Ayaṁ vuccati, mahānāma, sekhā paññā.

5Sa kho so, mahānāma, ariyasāvako evaṁ sīlasampanno evaṁ samādhisampanno evaṁ paññāsampanno āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.

Evaṁ kho, mahānāma, sekhampi sīlaṁ vuttaṁ bhagavatā, asekhampi sīlaṁ vuttaṁ bhagavatā; sekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā, asekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā; sekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā, asekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā"ti.

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Tatiyaṁ.