1"Bhikkhus, there are these four kinds of persons found existing in the world. What four?

(1) "Here, some person attains nibbāna through exertion in this very life. (2) Another person attains nibbāna through exertion with the breakup of the body. [n.855] In this sutta the phrase kāyassa bhedā, "with the breakup of the body," is not followed by paraṁ maraṇā, "after death," as it normally is. The omission seems deliberate. Perhaps the purpose is to indicate that the person being described can attain nibbāna at the very moment of death, without having to continue on to another existence. (3) Still another person attains nibbāna without exertion in this very life. (4) And still another person attains nibbāna without exertion with the breakup of the body. [n.856] According to this sutta, the distinction between the use of repugnant objects and the jhānas determines whether one attains nibbāna through exertion (sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī) or without exertion (asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī). The distinction between prominent faculties and feeble faculties determines whether one attains nibbāna in this very life (diṭṭh’eva dhamme) or with the breakup of the body (kāyassa bhedā). Mp says that the first and second persons are dry-insight meditators (sukkhavipassakā) who attend to conditioned phenomena as their meditation object (saṅkhāranimittaṁ upaṭṭhapenti). Sasaṅkhārena is glossed with sappayogena, which supports my rendering "through exertion." The third and fourth persons are those who take serenity as their vehicle (samathayānikā).

2(1) "And how, bhikkhus, does a person attain nibbāna through exertion in this very life? Here, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating the unattractiveness of the body, perceiving the repulsiveness of food, perceiving non-delight in the entire world, contemplating impermanence in all conditioned phenomena; and he has the perception of death well established internally. He dwells depending upon these five trainee powers: the power of faith, the power of moral shame, the power of moral dread, the power of energy, and the power of wisdom. These five faculties arise in him prominently: the faculties of faith, energy, mindfulness, concentration, and wisdom. Because these five faculties are prominent, he attains nibbāna through exertion in this very life. This is how a person attains nibbāna through exertion in this very life.

3(2) "And how does a person attain nibbāna through exertion with the breakup of the body? Here, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating the unattractiveness of the body … and he has the perception of death well established internally. He dwells depending upon these five trainee powers: the powers of faith … and wisdom. These five faculties arise in him feebly: the faculties of faith … and wisdom. Because these five faculties are feeble, he attains nibbāna through exertion with the breakup of the body. This is how a person attains nibbāna through exertion with the breakup of the body.

4(3) "And how does a person attain nibbāna without exertion in this very life? Here, secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states, a bhikkhu enters and dwells in the first jhāna … the fourth jhāna. He dwells depending upon these five trainee powers: the powers of faith … and wisdom. These five faculties arise in him prominently: the faculties of faith … and wisdom. Because these five faculties are prominent, he attains nibbāna without exertion in this very life. This is how a person attains nibbāna without exertion in this very life.

5(4) "And how does a person attain nibbāna without exertion with the breakup of the body? Here, secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states, a bhikkhu enters and dwells in the first jhāna … the fourth jhāna. He dwells depending upon these five trainee powers: the powers of faith … and wisdom. These five faculties arise in him feebly: the faculties of faith … and wisdom. Because these five faculties are feeble, he attains nibbāna without exertion with the breakup of the body. This is how a person attains nibbāna without exertion with the breakup of the body.

"These, bhikkhus, are the four kinds of persons found existing in the world."

1"Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.

2Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññī, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī. Māraṇasaññā kho panassa ajjhattaṁ sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṁ, hiribalaṁ, ottappabalaṁ, vīriyabalaṁ, paññābalaṁ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṁ, vīriyindriyaṁ, satindriyaṁ, samādhindriyaṁ, paññindriyaṁ. So imesaṁ pañcannaṁ indriyānaṁ adhimattattā diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.

3Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññī, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī. Māraṇasaññā kho panassa ajjhattaṁ sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṁ, hiribalaṁ, ottappabalaṁ, vīriyabalaṁ, paññābalaṁ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni mudūni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṁ, vīriyindriyaṁ, satindriyaṁ, samādhindriyaṁ, paññindriyaṁ. So imesaṁ pañcannaṁ indriyānaṁ muduttā kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.

4Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi … pe … paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṁ … pe … paññābalaṁ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṁ … pe … paññindriyaṁ. So imesaṁ pañcannaṁ indriyānaṁ adhimattattā diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.

5Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi … pe … paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṁ, hiribalaṁ, ottappabalaṁ, vīriyabalaṁ, paññābalaṁ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni … pe … paññindriyaṁ. So imesaṁ pañcannaṁ indriyānaṁ muduttā kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin"ti.

Navamaṁ.