1"Bhikkhus, there are these four things. What four?

(1) There are things to be fully understood by direct knowledge. (2) There are things to be abandoned by direct knowledge. (3) There are things to be developed by direct knowledge. (4) There are things to be realized by direct knowledge. [n.964] These correspond to the four noble truths, but with the third and fourth truths inverted.

2(1) "And what, bhikkhus, are the things to be fully understood by direct knowledge? The five aggregates subject to clinging. These are called the things to be fully understood by direct knowledge.

3(2) "And what are the things to be abandoned by direct knowledge? Ignorance and craving for existence. These are called the things to be abandoned by direct knowledge.

4(3) "And what are the things to be developed by direct knowledge? Serenity and insight. These are called the things to be developed by direct knowledge.

5(4) "And what are the things to be realized by direct knowledge? True knowledge and liberation. These are called the things to be realized by direct knowledge.

"These, bhikkhus, are the four things."

1"Cattārome, bhikkhave, dhammā. Katame cattāro?

Atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pariññeyyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pahātabbā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā bhāvetabbā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā sacchikātabbā.

2Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pariññeyyā? Pañcupādānakkhandhā – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pariññeyyā.

3Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pahātabbā? Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pahātabbā.

4Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā bhāvetabbā? Samatho ca vipassanā ca – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā bhāvetabbā.

5Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā sacchikātabbā? Vijjā ca vimutti ca – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā sacchikātabbā.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro dhammā"ti.

Paṭhamaṁ.