5: The Book of the Fives
75. Warriors (1)
- DG BB TBW © Translated from the Pali by Bhikkhu Bodhi (More copyright information)
1"Bhikkhus, there are these five kinds of warriors found in the world. What five?
(1) "Here, some warrior, when he sees the cloud of dust, [n.1078] Rajaggan. Mp: "The mass of dust arisen from the ground, which has been trampled upon by the feet of the elephants, horses, etc." sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot enter the battle. There is, bhikkhus, such a warrior here. This is the first kind of warrior found in the world.
2(2) "Again, some warrior can endure the cloud of dust, but when he sees the crests of the standards, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot enter the battle. There is, bhikkhus, such a warrior here. This is the second kind of warrior found in the world.
3(3) "Again, some warrior can endure the cloud of dust and the crests of the standards, but when he hears the uproar, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot enter the battle. There is, bhikkhus, such a warrior here. This is the third kind of warrior found in the world.
4(4) "Again, some warrior can endure the cloud of dust, the crests of the standards, and the uproar, but he is struck down and wounded by blows. There is, bhikkhus, such a warrior here. This is the fourth kind of warrior found in the world.
5(5) "Again, some warrior can endure the cloud of dust, the crests of the standards, the uproar, and the blows. Having triumphed in that battle, he emerges victorious and settles at the head of the battlefield. There is, bhikkhus, such a warrior here. This is the fifth kind of warrior found in the world.
"These are the five kinds of warriors found in the world.
6"So too, there are these five kinds of persons similar to warriors found among the bhikkhus. What five?
(1) "Here, some bhikkhu, when he sees the cloud of dust, sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot maintain the spiritual life. He discloses his weakness in the training, gives up the training, and reverts to the lower life. [n.1079] This is the prescribed method for renouncing monastic status. One declares to another person (normally a fellow bhikkhu) one's inability to observe the training, exchanges one's robes for ordinary clothing, takes the five lay precepts, and returns to lay life. What is the cloud of dust in his case? The bhikkhu hears: ‘In such and such a village or town the women or girls are beautiful, attractive, graceful, possessing supreme beauty of complexion.’ Having heard this, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot maintain the spiritual life. He discloses his weakness in the training, gives up the training, and reverts to the lower life.
7This is the cloud of dust in his case. I say that this person is just like the warrior who, when he sees the cloud of dust, sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot enter the battle. There is, bhikkhus, such a person here. This is the first kind of person similar to a warrior found among the bhikkhus.
8(2) "Again, some bhikkhu can endure the cloud of dust, but when he sees the crests of the standards, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot maintain the spiritual life. He discloses his weakness in the training, gives up the training, and reverts to the lower life. What are the crests of the standards in his case? The bhikkhu does not hear: ‘In such and such a village or town the women or girls are beautiful, attractive, graceful, possessing supreme beauty of complexion,’ but he himself sees a woman or a girl who is beautiful, attractive, graceful, possessing supreme beauty of complexion. Having seen her, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot maintain the spiritual life. He discloses his weakness in the training, gives up the training, and reverts to the lower life. These are the crests of the standards in his case.
9I say that this person is just like the warrior who can endure the cloud of dust, but when he sees the crests of the standards, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot enter the battle. There is, bhikkhus, such a person here. This is the second kind of person similar to a warrior found among the bhikkhus.
10(3) "Again, some bhikkhu can endure the cloud of dust and the crests of the standards, but when he hears the uproar, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot maintain the spiritual life. He discloses his weakness in the training, gives up the training, and reverts to the lower life. What is the uproar in his case? When the bhikkhu has gone to the forest, to the foot of a tree, or to an empty hut, a woman approaches him, smiles at him, chats with him, laughs at him, and teases him. As the woman is smiling at him, chatting with him, laughing at him, and teasing him, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot maintain the spiritual life. He discloses his weakness in the training, gives up the training, and reverts to the lower life. This is the uproar in his case.
11I say that this person is just like the warrior who can endure the cloud of dust and the crests of the standards, but when he hears the uproar, he sinks, founders, does not brace himself, and cannot enter the battle. There is, bhikkhus, such a person here. This is the third kind of person similar to a warrior found among the bhikkhus.
12(4) "Again, some bhikkhu can endure the cloud of dust, the crests of the standards, and the uproar, but he is struck down and wounded by a blow. What is the blow in his case? When the bhikkhu has gone to the forest, to the foot of a tree, or to an empty hut, a woman approaches him, sits down or lies down next to him, and embraces him. When she does so, he has sexual intercourse with her without having given up the training and disclosed his weakness. This is the blow in his case.
13I say that this person is just like the warrior who can endure the cloud of dust, the crests of the standards, and the uproar, but who is struck down and wounded by a blow. There is, bhikkhus, such a person here. This is the fourth kind of person similar to a warrior found among the bhikkhus.
14(5) "Again, some bhikkhu can endure the clouds of dust, the crests of the standards, the uproar, and a blow. Having triumphed in that battle, he emerges victorious and settles at the head of the battlefield. What is the victory in his case? When the bhikkhu has gone to the forest, to the foot of a tree, or to an empty hut, a woman approaches him, sits down or lies down next to him, and embraces him. But he disentangles himself, frees himself, and goes off wherever he wants.
15"He resorts to a secluded lodging: the forest, the foot of a tree, a mountain, a ravine, a hillside cave, a charnel ground, a jungle highland, the open air, a heap of straw. Gone to the forest, to the foot of a tree, or to an empty hut, he sits down, folding his legs crosswise, straightening his body, and establishing mindfulness in front of him. Having abandoned longing for the world, he dwells with a mind free from longing; he purifies his mind from longing. Having abandoned ill will and hatred, he dwells with a mind free from ill will, compassionate toward all living beings; he purifies his mind from ill will and hatred. Having abandoned dullness and drowsiness, he dwells free from dullness and drowsiness, percipient of light, mindful and clearly comprehending; he purifies his mind from dullness and drowsiness. Having abandoned restlessness and remorse, he dwells without agitation, with a mind inwardly peaceful; he purifies his mind from restlessness and remorse. Having abandoned doubt, he dwells having gone beyond doubt, unperplexed about wholesome qualities; he purifies his mind from doubt.
"Having abandoned these five hindrances, defilements of the mind that weaken wisdom, secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states, he enters and dwells in the first jhāna … the fourth jhāna, neither painful nor pleasant, which has purification of mindfulness by equanimity.
16"When his mind is thus concentrated, purified, cleansed, unblemished, rid of defilement, malleable, wieldy, steady, and attained to imperturbability, he directs it to the knowledge of the destruction of the taints. [n.1080] I follow Be and Ee, which do not have ellipsis points here. Ce inconsistently has ellipsis points in this sutta (implying that all three vijjā are intended) but not in the parallel section of the next sutta. He understands as it really is: ‘This is suffering.’ He understands as it really is: ‘This is the origin of suffering.’ He understands as it really is: ‘This is the cessation of suffering.’ He understands as it really is: ‘This is the way leading to the cessation of suffering.’ He understands as it really is: ‘These are the taints.’ He understands as it really is: ‘This is the origin of the taints.’ He understands as it really is: ‘This is the cessation of the taints.’ He understands as it really is: ‘This is the way leading to the cessation of the taints.’ When he knows and sees thus, his mind is liberated from the taint of sensual desire, from the taint of existence, and from the taint of ignorance. When it is liberated, there comes the knowledge: ‘It's liberated.’ He understands: ‘Destroyed is birth, the spiritual life has been lived, what had to be done has been done, there is no more coming back to any state of being.’ This is his victory in battle.
17"Bhikkhus, I say that this person is like the warrior who can endure the cloud of dust, the crests of the standards, the uproar, and the blow, and who, having triumphed in that battle, emerges victorious and settles at the head of the battlefield. There is, bhikkhus, such a person here. This is the fifth kind of person similar to a warrior found among the bhikkhus.
"These are the five kinds of persons similar to warriors found among the bhikkhus."
1"Pañcime, bhikkhave, yodhājīvā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame pañca?
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco yodhājīvo rajaggaññeva disvā saṁsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo yodhājīvo santo saṁvijjamāno lokasmiṁ.
2Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ; api ca kho dhajaggaññeva disvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, dutiyo yodhājīvo santo saṁvijjamāno lokasmiṁ.
3Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ sahati dhajaggaṁ; api ca kho ussāraṇaññeva sutvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, tatiyo yodhājīvo santo saṁvijjamāno lokasmiṁ.
4Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ, sahati ussāraṇaṁ; api ca kho sampahāre haññati byāpajjati. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, catuttho yodhājīvo santo saṁvijjamāno lokasmiṁ.
5Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ, sahati ussāraṇaṁ, sahati sampahāraṁ. So taṁ saṅgāmaṁ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṁ ajjhāvasati. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, pañcamo yodhājīvo santo saṁvijjamāno lokasmiṁ.
Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca yodhājīvā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ.
6Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, pañcime yodhājīvūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame pañca?
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rajaggaññeva disvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti brahmacariyaṁ sandhāretuṁ. Sikkhādubbalyaṁ āvikatvā sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Kimassa rajaggasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu suṇāti: ‘amukasmiṁ nāma gāme vā nigame vā itthī vā kumārī vā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgatā’ti. So taṁ sutvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti brahmacariyaṁ sandhāretuṁ. Sikkhādubbalyaṁ āvikatvā sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Idamassa rajaggasmiṁ.
7Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo rajaggaññeva disvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṁvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
8Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṁ; api ca kho dhajaggaññeva disvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti brahmacariyaṁ sandhāretuṁ. Sikkhādubbalyaṁ āvikatvā sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Kimassa dhajaggasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva kho suṇāti: ‘amukasmiṁ nāma gāme vā nigame vā itthī vā kumārī vā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgatā’ti; api ca kho sāmaṁ passati itthiṁ vā kumāriṁ vā abhirūpaṁ dassanīyaṁ pāsādikaṁ paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgataṁ. So taṁ disvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti brahmacariyaṁ sandhāretuṁ. Sikkhādubbalyaṁ āvikatvā sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Idamassa dhajaggasmiṁ.
9Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ; api ca kho dhajaggaññeva disvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, dutiyo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṁvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
10Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ; api ca kho ussāraṇaññeva sutvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti brahmacariyaṁ sandhāretuṁ. Sikkhādubbalyaṁ āvikatvā sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Kimassa ussāraṇāya? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṁ araññagataṁ vā rukkhamūlagataṁ vā suññāgāragataṁ vā mātugāmo upasaṅkamitvā ūhasati ullapati ujjagghati uppaṇḍeti. So mātugāmena ūhasiyamāno ullapiyamāno ujjagghiyamāno uppaṇḍiyamāno saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti brahmacariyaṁ sandhāretuṁ. Sikkhādubbalyaṁ āvikatvā sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Idamassa ussāraṇāya.
11Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ; api ca kho ussāraṇaññeva sutvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati, na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, tatiyo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṁvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
12Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ, sahati ussāraṇaṁ; api ca kho sampahāre haññati byāpajjati. Kimassa sampahārasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṁ araññagataṁ vā rukkhamūlagataṁ vā suññāgāragataṁ vā mātugāmo upasaṅkamitvā abhinisīdati abhinipajjati ajjhottharati. So mātugāmena abhinisīdiyamāno abhinipajjiyamāno ajjhotthariyamāno sikkhaṁ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṁ anāvikatvā methunaṁ dhammaṁ paṭisevati. Idamassa sampahārasmiṁ.
13Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ, sahati ussāraṇaṁ, api ca kho sampahāre haññati byāpajjati; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, catuttho yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṁvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
14Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ, sahati ussāraṇaṁ, sahati sampahāraṁ, so taṁ saṅgāmaṁ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṁ ajjhāvasati. Kimassa saṅgāmavijayasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṁ araññagataṁ vā rukkhamūlagataṁ vā suññāgāragataṁ vā mātugāmo upasaṅkamitvā abhinisīdati abhinipajjati ajjhottharati. So mātugāmena abhinisīdiyamāno abhinipajjiyamāno ajjhotthariyamāno viniveṭhetvā vinimocetvā yena kāmaṁ pakkamati. So vivittaṁ senāsanaṁ bhajati araññaṁ rukkhamūlaṁ pabbataṁ kandaraṁ giriguhaṁ susānaṁ vanapatthaṁ abbhokāsaṁ palālapuñjaṁ.
15So araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā. So abhijjhaṁ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṁ parisodheti; byāpādapadosaṁ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī byāpādapadosā cittaṁ parisodheti; thinamiddhaṁ pahāya vigatathinamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno, thinamiddhā cittaṁ parisodheti; uddhaccakukkuccaṁ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṁ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṁ parisodheti; vicikicchaṁ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṁ parisodheti.
So ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi … pe … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.
16So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṁ khayañāṇāya cittaṁ abhininnāmeti. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘Ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘Ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘Ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘Ayaṁ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘Ayaṁ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘Ayaṁ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Tassa evaṁ jānato evaṁ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṁ vimuccati, vimuttasmiṁ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṁ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Idamassa saṅgāmavijayasmiṁ.
17Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṁ, sahati dhajaggaṁ, sahati ussāraṇaṁ, sahati sampahāraṁ, so taṁ saṅgāmaṁ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṁ ajjhāvasati; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, pañcamo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṁvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca yodhājīvūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā bhikkhūsū"ti.
Pañcamaṁ.