This volume collects Bhikkhu Anālayo's studies of eighteen discourses from the Madhyama-āgama, the Chinese collection of middle-length discourses translated in 397–398 CE and associated with the Sarvāstivāda reciter tradition, together with an appendix examining several scholarly debates on the collection's translation history and school affiliation. Each chapter translates the relevant Chinese discourse and sets it against its Majjhima-nikāya or Aṅguttara-nikāya counterpart, using the comparison to probe questions such as the role of Brahmā in the Buddha's decision to teach, the eloquence of the nun Dhammadinnā, the definition of the six purities, and the place of women in the attainment of Buddhahood.