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In the Pāli Suttas and Vinaya

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Note:Translations, dictionaries and commentaries were not made by the Blessed One.Cross-check with Pali in 4 main nikayas.

  • Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
  • BhikkhunivibhaṅgaThe Nuns’ Analysis
  • PācittiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing confession
  • TuvaṭṭavaggaThe subchapter on lying down

38. TiroraṭṭhasikkhāpadaWandering outside the country

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo tiroraṭṭhe sāsaṅkasammate sappaṭibhaye asatthikā cārikaṁ caranti.At that time the nuns went wandering without a group of travelers where it was considered risky and dangerous outside their own country. Dhuttā dūsenti.Scoundrels raped them.

Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
khiyyanti → khīyanti (bj, sya-all)
The nuns of few desires complained and criticized them,
“kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo tiroraṭṭhe sāsaṅkasammate sappaṭibhaye asatthikā cārikaṁ carissantī”ti …pe…“How can nuns go wandering without a group of travelers where it’s considered risky and dangerous outside their own country?” … “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo tiroraṭṭhe sāsaṅkasammate sappaṭibhaye asatthikā cārikaṁ carantī”ti?“Is it true, monks, that nuns do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…The Buddha rebuked them … kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo tiroraṭṭhe sāsaṅkasammate sappaṭibhaye asatthikā cārikaṁ carissanti.“How can nuns do this? Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” … evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—“And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this:

“Yā pana bhikkhunī tiroraṭṭhe sāsaṅkasammate sappaṭibhaye asatthikā cārikaṁ careyya, pācittiyan”ti.
pācittiyanti → pācattiyanti (cck)
‘If a nun goes wandering without a group of travelers where it is considered risky and dangerous outside her own country, she commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yā panātiA:
yā yādisā …pe…whoever …
bhikkhunītiNun:
…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.… The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case.
TiroraṭṭhetiOutside her own country:
yassa vijite viharati, taṁ ṭhapetvā aññassa raṭṭhe.in any country apart from the one where she is living.
Sāsaṅkaṁ nāmaRisky:
tasmiṁ magge corānaṁ niviṭṭhokāso dissati, bhuttokāso dissati, ṭhitokāso dissati, nisinnokāso dissati, nipannokāso dissati.a place has been seen along that road where criminals are camping, eating, standing, sitting, or lying down.
Sappaṭibhayaṁ nāmaDangerous:
tasmiṁ magge corehi manussā hatā dissanti, viluttā dissanti, ākoṭitā dissanti.criminals have been seen along that road, injuring, robbing, or beating people.
Asatthikā nāmaWithout a group of travelers:
vinā satthena.in the absence of a group of travelers.
Cārikaṁ careyyātiGoes wandering:
kukkuṭasampāte gāme gāmantare gāmantare, āpatti pācittiyassa.
kukkuṭasampāte → kukkuṭasampāde (bj)
when the inhabited areas are a chicken’s flight apart, then for every next inhabited area she commits an offense entailing confession.
Agāmake araññe addhayojane addhayojane āpatti pācittiyassa.
addhayojane addhayojane → aḍḍhayojane aḍḍhayojane (sya-all)
When it is an uninhabited area, a wilderness, then for every six kilometers she commits an offense entailing confession.

Anāpatti—There is no offense: satthena saha gacchati,if she travels with a group; kheme appaṭibhaye gacchati,if she travels where it is safe and free from danger; āpadāsu,if there is an emergency; ummattikāya,if she is insane; ādikammikāyāti.if she is the first offender.

Aṭṭhamasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.The eighth training rule is finished.

Principles · Rationale · Glossary · 6 Pali editions
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