- Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
- BhikkhunivibhaṅgaThe Nuns’ Analysis
- SaṅghādisesakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing suspension
4. UkkhittakaosāraṇasikkhāpadaReadmitting an ejected nun
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.
Tena kho pana samayena caṇḍakāḷī bhikkhunī bhaṇḍanakārikā hoti kalahakārikā vivādakārikā bhassakārikā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārikā.
caṇḍakāḷī → caṇḍakālī (sya-all, pts)At that time the nun Caṇḍakāḷī was quarrelsome and argumentative, and she created legal issues in the Sangha.
Thullanandā bhikkhunī tassā kamme karīyamāne paṭikkosati.
karīyamāne → kayiramāne te (bj); kariyamāne (pts) | kayiramāne → kariyamāne (bj: machasaṁ)But when a legal procedure was being done against her, the nun Thullanandā objected.
Tena kho pana samayena thullanandā bhikkhunī gāmakaṁ agamāsi kenacideva karaṇīyena.Soon afterwards Thullanandā went to a village on some business.
Atha kho bhikkhunisaṅgho—
bhikkhunisaṅgho → bhikkhunīsaṁgho (pts)The Sangha of nuns
“thullanandā bhikkhunī pakkantā”ti, caṇḍakāḷiṁ bhikkhuniṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipi.
adassane → adassanena (pts1ed, mr) | caṇḍakāḷiṁ → caṇḍakāliṁ (sya-all) | pakkantāti caṇḍakāḷiṁ → pakkantā ti caṇḍakāliṁ (pts) | adassane → adassanena (pts) | adassane → adassanena (bj: katthaci) | adassane → adassanena (cck: ka.) | adassane → adassanena (sya-all: yu. ma.)took the opportunity to eject Caṇḍakāḷī for not recognizing an offense.
Thullanandā bhikkhunī gāmake taṁ karaṇīyaṁ tīretvā punadeva sāvatthiṁ paccāgacchi.
paccāgacchi caṇḍakāḷī → pacchāgacchi caṇḍakālī (sya-all) | paccāgacchi → paccāgacchati (bj: __sī1__, sīmu2)When Thullanandā had finished her business in that village, she returned to Sāvatthī.
Caṇḍakāḷī bhikkhunī thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā āgacchantiyā neva āsanaṁ paññapesi na pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakaṭhalikaṁ upanikkhipi na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahesi na pānīyena āpucchi.
paññapesi → paññāpesi (bj, sya-all, pts) | pādakaṭhalikaṁ → pādakathalikaṁ (sya-all, pts) | caṇḍakāḷī → caṇḍakālī (pts)On her return, Caṇḍakāḷī neither prepared a seat for her, nor set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, or water for washing the feet; and she did not go out to meet her to receive her bowl and robe, nor ask whether she wanted water to drink.
Thullanandā bhikkhunī caṇḍakāḷiṁ bhikkhuniṁ etadavoca—
caṇḍakāḷiṁ → caṇḍakāliṁ (sya-all, pts)Thullanandā asked her
“kissa tvaṁ, ayye, mayi āgacchantiyā neva āsanaṁ paññapesi na pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakaṭhalikaṁ upanikkhipi na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahesi na pānīyena āpucchī”ti?
paññapesi → paññāpesi (bj, sya-all, pts) | pādakaṭhalikaṁ → pādakathalikaṁ (sya-all, pts) | mayi → maṁ (bj: __sī1__, sīmu1, sīmu2)why she was acting like this.
“Evañhetaṁ, ayye, hoti yathā taṁ anāthāyā”ti.She replied, “That’s how it is, venerable, when you don’t have a protector.”
“Kissa pana tvaṁ, ayye, anāthā”ti?“But how is it, venerable, that you don’t have a protector?”
“Imā maṁ, ayye, bhikkhuniyo—“When the nuns knew
‘ayaṁ anāthā appaññātā, natthi imissā kāci paṭivattā’ti, āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṁsū”ti.
kāci → koci (bj) | paṭivattāti → pativattāti (sya-all, pts) | adassane ukkhipiṁsūti → adassanena ukkhipiṁsū ti (pts) | koci → kāci, machasaṁ (bj: sīmu1) | adassane → adassanena (cck: ka.)that no one would speak up for me because I am not esteemed by them and I didn’t have a protector, they ejected me for not recognizing an offense.”
Thullanandā bhikkhunī—
“bālā etā abyattā etā, neva jānanti kammaṁ vā kammadosaṁ vā kammavipattiṁ vā kammasampattiṁ vā.
neva → netā (bj, sya-all)“They are incompetent fools. They don’t know about legal procedures or their flaws, nor what makes them fail or succeed.
Mayaṁ kho jānāma kammampi kammadosampi kammavipattimpi kammasampattimpi.
kammampi kammadosampi kammavipattimpi kammasampattimpi → kammaṁpi kammadosaṁpi kammavipattipi kammasampattiṁpi (sya-all)But we know all these things.
Mayaṁ kho akataṁ vā kammaṁ kāreyyāma kataṁ vā kammaṁ kopeyyāmā”ti, lahuṁ lahuṁ bhikkhunisaṅghaṁ sannipātetvā caṇḍakāḷiṁ bhikkhuniṁ osāresi.
sannipātetvā → sannipātāpetvā (bj) | kāreyyāma → kareyyāma (sya-all) | bhikkhunisaṅghaṁ → bhikkhunīsaṅghaṁ (sya-all, pts) | caṇḍakāḷiṁ → caṇḍakāliṁ (sya-all, pts) | kāreyyāma → kareyyāma (bj: sīmu2)We can get legal procedures done that haven’t been done, and we can get procedures that have been done overturned.” And she quickly gathered a sangha of nuns and readmitted the nun Caṇḍakāḷī.
Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
khiyyanti → khīyanti (bj, sya-all)The nuns of few desires complained and criticized her,
“kathañhi nāma ayyā thullanandā samaggena saṅghena ukkhittaṁ bhikkhuniṁ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena anapaloketvā kārakasaṅghaṁ anaññāya gaṇassa chandaṁ osāressatī”ti …pe…“How could Venerable Thullanandā readmit a nun who had been ejected by a unanimous Sangha in accordance with the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Teacher’s instruction, without first getting permission from the Sangha that did the legal procedure and without the consent of the community?” …
“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, thullanandā bhikkhunī samaggena saṅghena ukkhittaṁ bhikkhuniṁ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena anapaloketvā kārakasaṅghaṁ anaññāya gaṇassa chandaṁ osāretī”ti?
chandaṁ osāretī”ti → osāresīti (bj, pts1ed, mr) | osāretīti → osāresīti (bj) | osāretīti → osāresīti (cck: ka.) | osāretīti → osāresīti. 2-3-4 yu. ma. ime pāṭhā tatiyāvibhattivasena katā (sya-all: yu. ma.)“Is it true, monks, that the nun Thullanandā did this?”
“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”
Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…The Buddha rebuked her … kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, thullanandā bhikkhunī samaggena saṅghena ukkhittaṁ bhikkhuniṁ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena anapaloketvā kārakasaṅghaṁ anaññāya gaṇassa chandaṁ osāressati.“How could the nun Thullanandā readmit a nun who had been ejected by a unanimous Sangha in accordance with the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Teacher’s instruction, without first getting permission from the Sangha that did the legal procedure and without the consent of the community? Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” … evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—“And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this:
“Yā pana bhikkhunī samaggena saṅghena ukkhittaṁ bhikkhuniṁ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena anapaloketvā kārakasaṅghaṁ anaññāya gaṇassa chandaṁ osāreyya, ayampi bhikkhunī paṭhamāpattikaṁ dhammaṁ āpannā nissāraṇīyaṁ saṅghādisesan”ti.‘If a nun, without getting permission from the Sangha that did the legal procedure and without the consent of the community, readmits a nun who has been ejected by a unanimous Sangha in accordance with the Teaching and the Monastic Law and the Teacher’s instruction, then that nun too has committed an immediate offense entailing sending away and suspension.’”
- Yā panātiA:
- yā yādisā …pe…whoever …
- bhikkhunītiNun:
- …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.… The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case.
- Samaggo nāma saṅghoA unanimous Sangha:
- samānasaṁvāsako samānasīmāyaṁ ṭhito.those belonging to the same Buddhist sect and staying within the same monastery zone.
- Ukkhittā nāmaWho has been ejected:
- āpattiyā adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā ukkhittā.
adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā → adassanena vā appaṭikammena vā appaṭinissaggena vā (pts1ed, mr); adassane vā appaṭikamme vā pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge vā (?) | adassane → adassanena (pts) | appaṭikamme → appaṭikammena (pts) | appaṭinissagge → appaṭinissaggena (pts) | vā → adassanena vā appaṭikammena vā appaṭinissaggena vā (cck: ka.); adassane vā appaṭikamme vā pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge vā (cck: ?)who has been ejected for not recognizing an offense, for not making amends, or for not giving up a bad view. - Dhammena vinayenātiIn accordance with the Teaching and the Monastic Law:
- yena dhammena yena vinayena.in accordance with that Teaching, in accordance with that Monastic Law.
- SatthusāsanenātiIn accordance with the Teacher’s instruction:
- jinasāsanena buddhasāsanena.in accordance with the Victor’s instruction, in accordance with the Buddha’s instruction.
- Anapaloketvā kārakasaṅghantiWithout getting permission from the Sangha that did the legal procedure:
- kammakārakasaṅghaṁ anāpucchā.without having asked permission of the Sangha that did the legal procedure of ejection.
- Anaññāya gaṇassa chandantiWithout the consent of the community:
- gaṇassa chandaṁ ajānitvā.without being aware of any consent from the community. “Osāressāmī”ti gaṇaṁ vā pariyesati, sīmaṁ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If, intending to readmit her, she searches for a group or establishes a monastery zone, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṁ, dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayā, kammavācāpariyosāne āpatti saṅghādisesassa.After the motion, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. After each of the first two announcements, she commits a serious offense. When the last announcement is finished, she commits an offense entailing suspension.
- AyampītiThat too:
- purimāyo upādāya vuccati.this is said with reference to the preceding offenses.
- PaṭhamāpattikantiAn immediate offense:
- saha vatthujjhācārā āpajjati asamanubhāsanāya.
saha vatthujjhācārā → sahavatthajjhācārā (bj)there is an offense as soon as the misconduct is committed, and no pressing is required. - NissāraṇīyantiEntailing sending away:
- saṅghamhā nissārīyati.
nissārīyati → nissāriyati (sya-all)she is sent away from the Sangha. - SaṅghādisesotiSuspension:
- …pe… tenapi vuccati saṅghādisesoti.… Therefore, too, it is called an offense entailing suspension.
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññā osāreti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa.If it is a legitimate legal procedure, and she perceives it as such, and she readmits her, she commits an offense entailing suspension.
Dhammakamme vematikā osāreti āpatti saṅghādisesassa.
osāreti āpatti saṅghādisesassa → (pts)If it is a legitimate legal procedure, but she is unsure of it, and she readmits her, she commits an offense entailing suspension.
Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññā osāreti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa.If it is a legitimate legal procedure, but she perceives it as illegitimate, and she readmits her, she commits an offense entailing suspension.
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is an illegitimate legal procedure, but she perceives it as legitimate, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. Adhammakamme vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is an illegitimate legal procedure, but she is unsure of it, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is an illegitimate legal procedure, and she perceives it as such, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Anāpatti—There is no offense:
kammakārakasaṅghaṁ apaloketvā osāreti,
kammakārakasaṅghaṁ → kārakaṁ saṅghaṁ (bj: sīmu2)if she readmits her after getting permission from the Sangha that did the procedure;
gaṇassa chandaṁ jānitvā osāreti,if she readmits her with the consent of the community;
vatte vattantiṁ osāreti,
vattantiṁ → vatte vattanti A, vatthe vattanti B, vatthe vattantan ti tecattālīsappabhede netthāravetta vattamānaṁ D. (pts note)if she readmits one who is behaving properly;
asante kammakārakasaṅghe osāreti,if she readmits her when the Sangha that did the procedure is unavailable;
ummattikāya,if she is insane;
ādikammikāyāti.if she is the first offender.
Catutthasaṅghādisesasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.The fourth offense entailing suspension is finished.