1. SamuṭṭhānassuddānaSummary of originations

Aniccā sabbe saṅkhārā, dukkhānattā ca saṅkhatā;“All phenomena are impermanent, and suffering, nonself, made up; Nibbānañceva paññatti, anattā iti nicchayā.Indeed the description extinguishment, is the conviction about nonself.

Buddhacande anuppanne, buddhādicce anuggate;When the Buddha moon has not appeared, when the Buddha sun has not yet risen; Tesaṁ sabhāgadhammānaṁ, nāmamattaṁ na nāyati.Then even the name is not known, of the things that are the same as those.

Dukkaraṁ vividhaṁ katvā, pūrayitvāna pāramī;Having done many difficult things, having fulfilled the perfections; Uppajjanti mahāvīrā, cakkhubhūtā sabrahmake.The Great Heroes emerge, endowed with vision, in this world with its supreme beings.

Te desayanti saddhammaṁ, dukkhahāniṁ sukhāvahaṁ;They instruct in the True Teaching, that ends suffering and brings happiness; Aṅgīraso sakyamuni, sabbabhūtānukampako.Angīrasa, the Sakyan Sage, who has compassion for all beings.

Sabbasattuttamo sīho, piṭake tīṇi desayi;The best of all creatures, the lion, taught the three Collections: Suttantamabhidhammañca, vinayañca mahāguṇaṁ.The Discourses, and the Philosophy, and the Monastic Law, of great quality.

Evaṁ nīyati saddhammo, vinayo yadi tiṭṭhati;Thus the true Teaching carries on, so long as the Monastic Law remains; Ubhato ca vibhaṅgāni, khandhakā yā ca mātikā.As well as both Analyses, the Chapters, and the Key Terms—

Mālā suttaguṇeneva, parivārena ganthitā;A garland bound, by the quality of the string of the Compendium; Tasseva parivārassa, samuṭṭhānaṁ niyato kataṁ.
niyato → nayato (bj)In this very Compendium, originations are determined.

Sambhedaṁ nidānañcaññaṁ, sutte dissanti upari;Combination and source are another, which are pointed out in the list below. Tasmā sikkhe parivāraṁ, dhammakāmo supesaloti.Therefore, they should train in the Compendium, those who love the Teaching and are highly virtuous.”

2. TerasasamuṭṭhānaThe thirteen originations

Vibhaṅge dvīsu paññattaṁ, uddisanti uposathe;“Laid down in the two analyses, they recite on the observance day; Pavakkhāmi samuṭṭhānaṁ, yathāñāyaṁ suṇātha me.I will declare the origination, according to the method: listen to me.

Pārājikaṁ yaṁ paṭhamaṁ, dutiyañca tato paraṁ;The first offense entailing expulsion, and then the second; Sañcarittānubhāsanañca, atirekañca cīvaraṁ.
Sañcarittānubhāsanañca → sañcarittānubhāsañca (bj, sya-all)Matchmaking and pressing, and an extra robe.

Lomāni padasodhammo, bhūtaṁ saṁvidhānena ca;Wool, memorizing the Teaching, true, and by arrangement; Theyyadesanacorī ca, ananuññātāya terasa.Thieves, teaching, and female criminal, lack of permission is the thirteenth.

Terasete samuṭṭhāna- nayā viññūhi cintitā;These are the thirteen originations, the method thought out by the wise; Ekekasmiṁ samuṭṭhāne, sadisā idha dissare.In regard to a single origination, those that are alike are shown here.

2.1. Paṭhamapārājikasamuṭṭhāna1. Originations like the first offense entailing expulsion

Methunaṁ sukkasaṁsaggo, aniyatā paṭhamikā;Sexual intercourse, semen, contact, the first undetermined offense; Pubbūpaparipācitā, raho bhikkhuniyā saha.Arrived before, had prepared, with a nun in private.

Sabhojane raho dve ca, aṅguli udake hasaṁ;
raho dve ca → raho ceva (bj)Lustful, and two in private, finger, playing in the water; Pahāre uggire ceva, tepaññāsā ca sekhiyā.Should he hit, and should he raise, and fifty-three on training.

Adhakkhagāmāvassutā, talamaṭṭhañca suddhikā;Below the collar bone, village, lustful, palm, and dildo, cleaning; Vassaṁvuṭṭhā ca ovādaṁ, nānubandhe pavattiniṁ.And completed the rainy-season residence, instruction, if she should not follow her mentor.

Chasattati ime sikkhā, kāyamānasikā katā;These seventy-six training rules, done from body and mind; Sabbe ekasamuṭṭhānā, paṭhamaṁ pārājikaṁ yathā.All have one origination, like the first offense entailing expulsion.

Paṭhamapārājikasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the first offense entailing expulsion are finished.

2.2. Dutiyapārājikasamuṭṭhāna2. Originations like the second offense entailing expulsion

Adinnaṁ viggahuttari, duṭṭhullā attakāminaṁ;Not given, form, super, indecent, his own needs; Amūlā aññabhāgiyā, aniyatā dutiyikā.Groundless, unrelated, the second undetermined offense.

Acchinde pariṇāmane, musā omasapesuṇā;Should he take back, in intending, falsely, abusive, malicious talebearing; Duṭṭhullā pathavīkhaṇe, bhūtaṁ aññāya ujjhāpe.Grave offense, should he dig the earth, plant, with evasion, should he complain.

Nikkaḍḍhanaṁ siñcanañca, āmisahetu bhuttāvī;Throwing out, and sprinkling, for the sake of worldly gain, who has finished his meal; Ehi anādari bhiṁsā, apanidhe ca jīvitaṁ.Come, disrespect, scaring, and should he hide, life.

Jānaṁ sappāṇakaṁ kammaṁ, ūnasaṁvāsanāsanā;That one knows contains living beings, legal procedure, less than, doing formal meetings with, expulsion; Sahadhammikavilekhā, moho amūlakena ca.Legitimately, annoyance, deception, and with groundless.

Kukkuccaṁ dhammikaṁ cīvaraṁ datvā, pariṇāmeyya puggale;
Kukkuccaṁ dhammikaṁ cīvaraṁ datvā → kukkuccaṁ dhammikaṁ cīvaraṁ (bj); kukkuccaṁ dhammikaṁ datvā (sya-all); kukkuccaṁ dhammakaṁ datvā (pts1ed)Anxious, legitimate, gives out a robe, should he divert to an individual; Kiṁ te akālaṁ acchinde, duggahī nirayena ca.
duggahī → duggahīna (bj)What to you, out-of-season, should she take back, because of misunderstanding, and with hell.

Gaṇaṁ vibhaṅgaṁ dubbalaṁ, kathināphāsupassayaṁ;Group, distribution, uncertain, robe season, ill at ease, dwelling place; Akkosacaṇḍī maccharī, gabbhinī ca pāyantiyā.Abuse, furious, keep for herself, and pregnant woman, breastfeeding woman.

Dvevassaṁ sikkhā saṅghena, tayo ceva gihīgatā;Two years’ training, by the Sangha, and three on married girls; Kumāribhūtā tisso ca, ūnadvādasasammatā.And three on unmarried women, less than twelve, without approval.

Alaṁ tāva sokāvāsaṁ, chandā anuvassā ca dve;Enough, difficult to live with, consent, and every year, two; Sikkhāpadā sattatime, samuṭṭhānā tikā katā.These seventy training rules, have three originations:

Kāyacittena na vācā, vācācittaṁ na kāyikaṁ;From body and mind, not from speech, or from speech and mind, not from body; Tīhi dvārehi jāyanti, pārājikaṁ dutiyaṁ yathā.Or they are produced from the three doors, as is the second offense entailing expulsion.

Dutiyapārājikasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the second offense entailing expulsion are finished.

2.3. Sañcarittasamuṭṭhāna3. Originations like the offense for matchmaking

Sañcarī kuṭi vihāro, dhovanañca paṭiggaho;Matchmaking, hut, dwelling, and washing, receiving; Viññattuttari abhihaṭṭhuṁ, ubhinnaṁ dūtakena ca.Asking, invites to take more than, of both, and with messenger.

Kosiyā suddhadvebhāgā, chabbassāni nisīdanaṁ;Silk, entirely, two parts, six years, sitting mat; Riñcanti rūpikā ceva, ubho nānappakārakā.They neglect, and money, two on various kinds.

Ūnabandhanavassikā, suttaṁ vikappanena ca;Fewer than five mends, rainy season, thread, and by assigning; Dvāradānasibbāni ca, pūvapaccayajoti ca.
Dvāradānasibbāni → dvāradānasibbinī (bj, sya-all, pts1ed)Door, and giving, and sewing, cookie, requisite, and fire.

Ratanaṁ sūci mañco ca, tūlaṁ nisīdanakaṇḍu ca;Precious things, needle, and bed, cotton down, sitting mat, and itch; Vassikā ca sugatena, viññatti aññaṁ cetāpanā.Rainy-season, and by the standard, asking, exchanging for something else.

Dve saṅghikā mahājanikā dve, puggalalahukā garu;Two on belonging to the Sangha, two on collective, individual, light, heavy; Dve vighāsā sāṭikā ca, samaṇacīvarena ca.Two on food scraps, and bathing robe, and with a monastic robe.

Samapaññāsime dhammā, chahi ṭhānehi jāyare;These exactly fifty rules, are produced for six reasons: Kāyato na vācācittā, vācato na kāyamanā.From body, not from speech or mind; from speech, not from body or mind;

Kāyavācā na ca cittā, kāyacittā na vācikā;
ca cittā → na cittato (bj, sya-all) na vācikā → na vācato (bj, sya-all)From body and speech, not from mind; from body and mind, not from speech; Vācācittā na kāyena, tīhi dvārehi jāyare;
tīhi dvārehi → tīhi ṭhānehi (sya-all)From speech and mind, not from body; or they are produced from the three doors. Chasamuṭṭhānikā ete, sañcarittena sādisā.They have six originations, as it is with matchmaking.

Sañcarittasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense for matchmaking are finished.

2.4. Samanubhāsanāsamuṭṭhāna4. Originations like the offense on pressing

Bhedānuvattadubbaca- dūsaduṭṭhulladiṭṭhi ca;Schism, those who side with, difficult to correct, corrupter, grave, and view; Chandaṁ ujjagghikā dve ca, dve ca saddā na byāhare.Consent, and two on laughing loudly, and two on noise, should not speak.

Chamā nīcāsane ṭhānaṁ, pacchato uppathena ca;The ground, on a low seat, standing, behind, and next to the path; Vajjānuvattigahaṇā, osāre paccācikkhanā.Offenses, taking sides with, holding, should readmit, renouncing.

Kismiṁ saṁsaṭṭhā dve vadhi, visibbe dukkhitāya ca;A, two on socializing, beating, should she unstitch, and with suffering; Puna saṁsaṭṭhā na vūpasame, ārāmañca pavāraṇā.Again socializing, should she not resolve, and monastery, inviting correction.

Anvaddhaṁ saha jīviniṁ dve, cīvaraṁ anubandhanā;
Anvaddhaṁ → anvaddhamāsaṁ (bj); anvaḍḍhamāsaṁ (sya-all); saha jīviniṁ → sahajīvi (bj); sahajīvinī (sya-all); sahajīvini (pts1ed)Every half, two on disciple, robe, following. Sattatiṁsa ime dhammā, kāyavācāya cittato;These thirty-seven rules are from body, speech and mind; Sabbe ekasamuṭṭhānā, samanubhāsanā yathā.All have one origination, as the rule on pressing.

Samanubhāsanāsamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
Samanubhāsanāsamuṭṭhānaṁ → samanubhāsana … (bj, sya-all)Originations like the offense on pressing are finished.

2.5. Kathinasamuṭṭhāna5. Originations like the offense on the robe-making ceremony

Ubbhataṁ kathinaṁ tīṇi, paṭhamaṁ pattabhesajjaṁ;Three on the end of the robe season, the first on bowl, tonics; Accekaṁ cāpi sāsaṅkaṁ, pakkamantena vā duve.And also haste, risky, and two with departing.

Upassayaṁ paramparā, anatirittaṁ nimantanā;Nunnery, one before another, not left over, invitation; Vikappaṁ rañño vikāle, vosāsāraññakena ca.Assignment, of a king, at the wrong time, giving directions, and with wilderness.

Ussayāsannicayañca, pure pacchā vikāle ca;Litigious, and collection, before, after, and at the wrong time; Pañcāhikā saṅkamanī, dvepi āvasathena ca.Five days, borrowed, and also two with lodging.

Pasākhe āsane ceva, tiṁsa ekūnakā ime;On the lower part of the body, and on a seat— these twenty-nine Kāyavācā na ca cittā, tīhi dvārehi jāyare;
ca cittā → na cittato (sya-all)Are from body and speech, not from mind, or they are produced from the three doors; Dvisamuṭṭhānikā sabbe, kathinena sahā samā.All have two originations, the same as with the robe-making ceremony.

Kathinasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense on the robe-making ceremony are finished.

2.6. Eḷakalomasamuṭṭhāna6. Originations like the offense on wool

Eḷakalomā dve seyyā, āhacca piṇḍabhojanaṁ;Wool, two on sleeping place, detachable, eating an almsmeal; Gaṇavikālasannidhi, dantaponena celakā.Group, at the wrong time, store, with tooth cleaner, naked ascetic.

Uyyuttaṁ senaṁ uyyodhi, surā orena nhāyanā;
Uyyuttaṁ senaṁ → uyyuttaṁ vase (sya-all)(Mobilized) army, army, battle, alcohol, bathing at less than; Dubbaṇṇe dve desanikā, lasuṇupatiṭṭhe naccanā.
desanikā → desanīyā (bj)On stains, two on acknowlegment, garlic, should she attend on, dancing.

Nhānamattharaṇaṁ seyyā, antoraṭṭhe tathā bahi;Bathing, sheet, sleeping place, within her own country, and so outside; Antovassaṁ cittāgāraṁ, āsandi suttakantanā.During the rainy season, gallery, high couch, spinning yarn.

Veyyāvaccaṁ sahatthā ca, abhikkhukāvāsena ca;Service, and personally, and with a monastery without monks; Chattaṁ yānañca saṅghāṇiṁ, alaṅkāraṁ gandhavāsitaṁ.Sunshade, and vehicle, hip ornament, jewelry, scents, scented.

Bhikkhunī sikkhamānā ca, sāmaṇerī gihiniyā;Nun, and trainee nun, novice nun, and with female householder; Asaṅkaccikā āpatti, cattārīsā catuttari.The offense for not wearing a chest wrap: the forty-four rules

Kāyena na vācācittena, kāyacittena na vācato;Are from body, not from speech or mind, or from body and mind, not from speech; Dvisamuṭṭhānikā sabbe, samā eḷakalomikāti.All have two originations, the same as ‘wool’.

Eḷakalomasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense on wool are finished.

2.7. Padasodhammasamuṭṭhāna7. Originations like the offense for memorizing the Teaching

Padaññatra asammatā, tathā atthaṅgatena ca;Memorizing, except, not appointed, and so with sunset; Tiracchānavijjā dve vuttā, anokāso ca pucchanā.
anokāso → anokāse (bj, sya-all, pts1ed)Two were spoken on worldly subjects, and asking without permission.

Satta sikkhāpadā ete, vācā na kāyacittato;
kāyacittato → kāyacittakā (mr)These seven training rules are from speech, not from body or mind; Vācācittena jāyanti, na tu kāyena jāyare;Or they are produced from speech and mind, not from body; Dvisamuṭṭhānikā sabbe, padasodhammasadisā.All have two originations, as in memorizing the Teaching.

Padasodhammasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense for memorizing the Teaching are finished.

2.8. Addhānasamuṭṭhāna8. Originations like the offense for traveling

Addhānanāvaṁ paṇītaṁ, mātugāmena saṁhare;Traveling, boat, fine, with a woman, should she remove; Dhaññaṁ nimantitā ceva, aṭṭha ca pāṭidesanī.Grain, and invited, and the eight to be acknowledged.

Sikkhā pannarasa ete, kāyā na vācā na manā;These fifteen training rules are from body, not from speech or mind; Kāyavācāhi jāyanti, na te cittena jāyare.Or they are produced from body and speech, not from mind;

Kāyacittena jāyanti, na te jāyanti vācato;Or they are produced from body and mind, not from speech; Kāyavācāhi cittena, samuṭṭhānā catubbidhā;Or from body, speech and mind— the fourfold origination; Paññattā buddhañāṇena, addhānena sahā samā.
sahā samā → samā nayā (sya-all)Laid down through the Buddha’s knowledge, the same as with the rule on traveling.

Addhānasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense for traveling are finished.

2.9. Theyyasatthasamuṭṭhāna9. Originations like the offense on a group of traveling thieves

Theyyasatthaṁ upassuti, sūpaviññāpanena ca;A group of traveling thieves, eavesdropping, and with asking for bean curry; Rattichannañca okāsaṁ, ete byūhena sattamā.Night, and concealed, out in the open, with a cul-de-sac: these seven

Kāyacittena jāyanti, na te jāyanti vācato;Are produced from body and mind, not from speech; Tīhi dvārehi jāyanti, dvisamuṭṭhānikā ime;Or they are produced from the three doors. they have two originations; Theyyasatthasamuṭṭhānā, desitādiccabandhunā.As the origination of a group of traveling thieves, taught by the Kinsman of the Sun.

Theyyasatthasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense on a group of traveling thieves are finished.

2.10. Dhammadesanāsamuṭṭhāna10. Originations like the offenses on giving a Teaching

Chattapāṇissa saddhammaṁ, na desenti tathāgatā;The true Teaching to someone holding a sunshade, the Buddhas do not instruct; Evameva daṇḍapāṇissa, satthaāvudhapāṇinaṁ.
Evameva → tatheva (bj, sya-all)Nor to someone holding a staff, or to someone holding a knife, or a weapon.

Pādukupāhanā yānaṁ, seyyapallatthikāya ca;Shoes, sandals, vehicle, lying down, and clasping their knees; Veṭhitoguṇṭhito ceva, ekādasamanūnakā.Headdress, and covered head: eleven rules, not less.

Vācācittena jāyanti, na te jāyanti kāyato;Produced from speech and mind, not from body; Sabbe ekasamuṭṭhānā, samakā dhammadesane.All have one origination, like the offenses on giving a teaching.

Dhammadesanāsamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
Dhammadesanāsamuṭṭhānaṁ → dhammadesana … (bj, sya-all, pts1ed)Originations like the offenses on giving a Teaching are finished.

2.11. Bhūtārocanasamuṭṭhāna11. Originations like the offense for telling truthfully

Bhūtaṁ kāyena jāyati, na vācā na ca cittato;
na vācā → na vācāya (bj, sya-all, pts1ed)Truthfully: produced from the body, not from speech or mind; Vācato ca samuṭṭhāti, na kāyā na ca cittato.Or it originates from speech, not from body or mind;

Kāyavācāya jāyati, na tu jāyati cittato;Or it is produced from body and speech, not from mind; Bhūtārocanakā nāma, tīhi ṭhānehi jāyati.So informing of what is true is produced for three reasons.

Bhūtārocanasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense for telling truthfully are finished.

2.12. Corivuṭṭhāpanasamuṭṭhāna12. Originations like the offense for the admission of a female criminal

Corī vācāya cittena, na taṁ jāyati kāyato;
Corī → coriṁ (bj)A female criminal: produced from speech or mind, not from body; Jāyati tīhi dvārehi, corivuṭṭhāpanaṁ idaṁ;Or produced from the three doors. this offense for admitting a female criminal Akataṁ dvisamuṭṭhānaṁ, dhammarājena bhāsitaṁ.
bhāsitaṁ → ṭhapitaṁ (sya-all)Has two originations, as spoken by the King of the Teaching.

Corivuṭṭhāpanasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense for the admission of a female criminal are finished.

2.13. Ananuññātasamuṭṭhāna13. Originations like the offense for lack of permission

Ananuññātaṁ vācāya, na kāyā na ca cittato;Lack of permission: from speech, not from body or mind; Jāyati kāyavācāya, na taṁ jāyati cittato.Or produced from body and speech, not from mind;

Jāyati vācācittena, na taṁ jāyati kāyato;Or produced from speech and mind, not from body; Jāyati tīhi dvārehi, akataṁ catuṭhānikaṁ.Or produced from the three doors. one that has four bases is not done.

Ananuññātasamuṭṭhānaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Originations like the offense for lack of permission are finished.

Samuṭṭhānañhi saṅkhepaṁ, dasa tīṇi sudesitaṁ;For the contraction on originations has thirteen classes that have been well taught; Asammohakaraṁ ṭhānaṁ, nettidhammānulomikaṁ;A cause for non-delusion, in accordance with the Teaching that guides; Dhārayanto imaṁ viññū, samuṭṭhāne na muyhatīti.The wise person remembering this, is not confused about origination.”

Samuṭṭhānasīsasaṅkhepo niṭṭhito.The thirteen groups of originations of offenses is finished.